Neurophysiology

It can provide a detailed definition of the lesion’s location type, and severity, as well as reveal the anomalies in question.
Clinical neurophysiology is mostly used to diagnose rather than treat disorders because of these qualities.
The principal diagnostic methods used in hospitals with clinical neurophysiology services include:
Electromyography and nerve conduction studies are diagnostic techniques that are particularly helpful in diagnosing illnesses of the nerve roots,nerves, musceles and neuromuscular junction. The electrical activity of musceles and their passage along nerves in the limbs is recorded.
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a diagnostic test of thalamocortical rhythms (brain waves) that can be used to assess seizures and other central nervous system problems.
This is accomplished by attaching electrodes to the scalp’s surface to record currents from the cerebral cortex.
Evoked potentials are diagnostic test that evaluates particular central and peripheral nervous system pathways.
Evoked potentials might be visual,auditory, or somatosensory.These capture the brain’s and spinal cord’s electrical responses to sensory stimuli.

Polysomnography

Polysomnography refers to systematic process used to collect physiologic parameters during sleep.
A polysomnogram(PSG) is a procedure that utilizes electroencephalogram, electro-oculogram electromygram, electrocardiogram, and pulse oximetry, as well as airflow and respiratory effort to evaluate for underlying causes of sleep disturbances.
PSG is considered to be the gold standard for diagnosing sleep-related breathing disorders, which include obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), central sleep apnoea, and sleep-related hypoventilation/hypoxia. PSG can also be utilized to evaluate for other sleep disorders, including nocturnal seizures, narcoslepsy, periodic limb movement disorder, and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder.
With recent technological developments, home sleep apnoea testing can be done to confirm a diagnosis in patients with a high risk for moderate to severe OSA in the absence of comorbid medical conditions or other suspected sleep disorders.